Darya Dugina, 29, was killed in an explosion on a road outside of Moscow, according to Russia’s investigative committee.
Her father, Russian philosopher Alexander Dugin, dubbed “Putin’s brain,” is thought to be the intended target of the attack.
Mr Dugin is a well-known ultra-nationalist ideologue who is close to Russia’s president.
Alexander Dugin and his daughter had attended a festival near Moscow on Saturday evening, where the philosopher gave a lecture.
The “Tradition” festival bills itself as a family-friendly art event held at the Zakharovo estate, where Russian poet Alexander Pushkin once stayed.
The pair were supposed to leave the venue in the same car, but Mr Dugin allegedly changed his mind at the last minute to travel separately.
Mr Dugin appears to be shocked as emergency services arrive at the scene of a burning wrecked vehicle in footage posted on Telegram.
Ms Dugina, who was driving the car, died at the scene near the village of Bolshiye Vyazemy, according to investigators.
According to them, an explosive device planted beneath the car detonated, causing the vehicle to catch fire. Experts in forensics and explosives are investigating.
An official from Ukraine has denied any Ukrainian involvement in the incident.
